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EARLY FROM EDUCATION AND GROWTH WITH EDUCATION

Senin, 09 Juni 2008

Accounting Basics
In commercial enterprises accounting is involved in recording business transactions and then reporting the results in the form of financial statements.

To make the financial statements more understandable, there are some common rules known as generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). In the USA the lead organization for researching and issuing the accounting rules is the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB).

All of the accounting rules are based on some underlying or basic accounting principles such as cost, matching, economic entity, going concern, revenue recognition, full disclosure, materiality, conservatism, and others. Accountants also strive for the financial reporting to be relevant and reliable.

The accounting system is known as double-entry, because every transaction will involve at least two accounts in a company's general ledger. The accounting system requires that at least one account be debited (amount entered on the left side) and one account be credited (amount entered on the right side).

The accrual basis of accounting provides a better picture of a company's financial results than the cash basis of accounting. Under the accrual basis of accounting, revenues and assets are reported when they are earned; expenses and liabilities are reported when they are incurred.

The output of the accounting system includes three main financial statements: balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement. The balance sheet reports the financial position of a company at a moment in time, such as April 30, 2007. The balance sheet reports a company's assets, liabilities, and stockholders' equity. The income statement reports the company's profitability during a period of time. The statement of cash flows reports the changes in cash during the same period of time. The notes to the financial statements are an integral part of the financial statements.

Sample Accounting Basics Questions
1) The title of the asset account that reports the unexpired cost of insurance premiums that have already been paid is _____________ Insurance.
2) The owner's equity section of a corporation's balance sheet is known as shareholders equity or _______________________ equity.
3) The title of the liability account that reports amounts that were received by the company before they were earned is ________________ Revenues.
4) The financial statement that reports the financial position of a company as of an instant or point in time is the ________________ sheet.
5) The balance sheet reports amounts that apply at a particular ____________ in time.
6) An entry to the left-side of an account.
7) This component of Property, Plant & Equipment is not depreciated.
8) The accounting guideline that prevents assets from being reported at amounts greater than their cost is the __________ principle.
9) Sometimes inventory is reported at an amount that is __________ than cost.
10) The basis or method of accounting that is less effective than the accrual basis in measuring profitability.

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